AI Usage & Authorship Policy

• Authorship Responsibility: AI tools (such as ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, etc.) cannot be listed as authors. Only humans can qualify as authors, as they take full responsibility for the integrity, originality, and accuracy of the manuscript.
• Acceptable Use of AI Tools: Authors may use AI tools only for limited tasks such as:
  • Language polishing (grammar, spelling, style improvements)
  • Formatting assistance (citations, references)
  • Data analysis support (if disclosed and validated)
• Disclosure Requirement: If AI tools were used in any part of the manuscript preparation (text drafting, data analysis, image generation, or figure preparation), authors must explicitly declare this in the Acknowledgment section (or Methods, if applicable), specifying the tool and the purpose of use.
• Post-Publication Discovery: At any stage after publication, if it is found that a paper is substantially AI-generated or undisclosed AI was used in violation of this policy, the article will be removed from the journal and a retraction notice will be issued.
• Ethical Compliance: All AI use must comply with the journal’s Plagiarism Policy, Research Ethics, and COPE guidelines. Authors remain legally and ethically accountable for all content.