Retraction, Correction & Withdrawal

Retraction of Articles

Articles may be retracted if found to contain proven plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate or redundant publication, copyright infringement, or other serious breaches of research or publication ethics.

Retractions will follow COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines.

A retraction notice will be published in the next issue and linked to the original article, clearly stating the reasons for retraction. The original article will remain available online but will be watermarked as “Retracted” to preserve the scholarly record.

Corrections and Errata

If minor errors (such as typographical mistakes, author name corrections, or data mislabeling) are identified that do not affect the overall validity of the research, the journal will publish a correction/erratum notice in a subsequent issue.

The correction will be linked to the original article for transparency.

Article Withdrawal (Pre-Publication)

Withdrawal requests are only considered before acceptance or during the review process.

• A written request must be submitted by the Corresponding Author on behalf of all co-authors, clearly stating the reason for withdrawal.
• Once an article has been accepted for publication, withdrawal will not be permitted except under exceptional circumstances (such as ethical or legal issues).

Article Removal (Exceptional Cases)

In very rare situations where articles are found to contain defamatory, unlawful, or security-sensitive content, the journal may remove them completely from the online platform. A note explaining the reason for removal will replace the article.

Publisher Responsibility

The journal and publisher reserve the right to reject, retract, correct, or withdraw an article at any stage if it violates publication ethics or legal standards.